Building upon the foundational research of designer Robert Lee, Acoustic Zen Technologies employs continuously cast single-crystal conductors in its cable designs. Mr Lee, an engineer, has devoted the majority of the past three decades to the design of high-end audio cables and components. Robert Lee has incorporated his core cable design philosophy into Acoustic Zen interconnects and Acoustic Zen speaker cables. Beyond selecting continuously cast single-crystal conductors, he has studied the internal structure of all materials, the interaction between audio cables and active components, and internal reflections within the cables. This design methodology is also consistently applied to Acoustic Zen digital cables and Acoustic Zen AC power cables. Acoustic Zen cables are handcrafted in California.